The dance steps listed below are the fundamental or basic 
steps most commonly used in Philippine folk dances. In some cases 
the names of the steps are the same as those found in foreign dances, 
but the manner of execution is entirely different. Some dance steps 
have no English equivalent names, so the native names are retained, 
such as "Kuradang", "Bacui", "Espunti", "Papuri", etc.

	The steps are described as they are executed by our people.

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1, 2.

	(1) Point R (L) foot in fourth in front (ct. 1), step R 
	    (L) close L (R) in first position (ct. 2). This may 
	    be done in all positions. 

	(2) This may be taken in this manner also. Point R (L) 
	    foot in fourth in front (ct. 1), with a jump reverse 
	    the position of the feet, that is, pointing the L (R) 
	    in front and the R (L) in position taking the weight 
	    of the body. This is taking one count for every change 
	    of position of the feet.

			
	(3) Point R (L) foot in fourth in front (ct. 1), step R 
	    (L) close to L (R) in first position (cts. 2, 3).

	(4) This may be done also by giving two counts in pointing 
	    and one for closing the feet together.
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

To Right:
	(a) Step R foot in second position in making a quarter turn 
	    at the same time (ct. 1), brush L forward (ct. 2), step 
	    L close to the R foot in first position (ct. 3) (1 M.).

	(b) Repeat (a) three times more making a quarter turn every 
	    measure (3 M.). The turn is complete after the fourth step.

To Left:
	Repeat all, starting with the L foot and turning around in 
	place to the left.
 

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1, and, 2, or 1, 2.

	(a) If a moderate turn is desired, execute two change steps 
	    (R, L or L, R) around in place, clockwise (to R) or counter 
	    clockwise (to L) (2 M.).

	(b) If a fast turn is desired, execute only one change step to 
	    make a complete turn either to left or right (1 M.).

	(c) If a slow turn is desired, execute four change steps around 
	    in place, either to right or left (4 M.).  
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	Step R (L) foot in second position (ct. 1), cross the L (R) in 
front of the R (L), rise on toes of both feet and make a complete turn 
on the balls of the feet (ct. 2), lower heels and finish the turn with 
the R (L) foot in fifth position in front. Pause (cts. 1, 2, 3).
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	Cross L (R) foot in front of R (L) (ct. 1), turn (or pivot) 
right (left) on the balls of the feet (ct. 2), lower heels down (ct. 3). 
Pause (cts. 1, 2, 3). Bend the knees slightly and swing the left (right) 
arm from second position and bend the body slightly to the left on count 
1, swing the arm across the body in front to help proper balancing when 
turning on count 2, finish the turn with the body straight and feet 
together on count 3. The other hand may be on waist or holding the skirt 
or "barong tagalog". 
 

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1, and, 2, and.

To Right: (2 M.).
	(a) Step R foot in fourth in front (or a little close to fifth 
	    position) and bend the knee slightly (ct. 1), execute a 
	    quarter-turn right with a push on the ball of the L foot 
	    (heel of the L foot is raised), and raise the R foot slightly 
	    from the floor (ct. and). Repeat all once more (ct. 2, and).

	(b) Repeat all (a) (cts. 1, and, 2, and). Finish at the starting 
	    position.

To Left: (2 M.).
	Repeat (a) and (b) with the L foot in front making four quarter-
	turns to left always on the ball of the R foot.

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

To right or clockwise: (4 M.).
	Weight of the body on the L foot. Point R foot obliquely forward 
(cts. 1, 2), point R close to L foot in first position (ct. 3). Pivot on 
the L foot (heel) making a quarter turn right and at the same time pointing 
R foot obliquely right forward (cts. 1, 2), point R close to L foot in 
first position (ct. 3). Repeat twice more until a full turn is made. Finish 
facing to the front.

To left or counterclockwise: (4 M.).
	Repeat the same movements pointing with the L foot and pivoting 
with the R.	
	
	Note: This step can be done in this manner - take one count for 
	      pointing in front and two counts for pointing close to the 
	      other foot.
	
	The turn can be done also in eight points for eight measures. 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	"Sarok" with R (L) foot across L (R) in front (cts. 1, 2), point 
R (L) foot close to L (R) in first position (ct. 3). Proceed as in pivot 
turn above (3 M.). This may be done also in eight measures.
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

To Right: (4 M.).
	(a) Step R foot in second position making a quarter turn at the 
same time (ct. 1), slide the L foot forward (ct. 2), and slide it 
continuously close to the R in first position putting weight of the body 
on it at the end of the slide (ct. 3) (1 M.).

	(b) Repeat (a) three times more, making a quarter turn every 
measure (3 M.). Use the ball or the toes only of the sliding foot.

To Left: (4 M.).
	Repeat he same as above, starting with the L foot and turning 
around in place to the left.

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	Step L (R) foot to second position (ct. 1), turn left (right) 
about and step R (L) to second (ct. 2), step backward across to the 
right with the L (R) foot, and complete turn to face front (ct. 3).

	In teaching this to beginners have a point in fourth or in 
intermediate in front after executing the last turn (cts. 1, 2, 3). 
Do it with R and L foot pointing in front alternately.
 

	Do all the above steps with the feet as close together as 
possible (in first position) (cts. 1, 2, 3). Finish with a bow and 
the feet are together.
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	(1) If a moderate turn is desired, take two waltz steps 
	    turning around either right or left in place.

	(2) If a slow turn is desired, take four waltz steps to 
	    make a complete turn. Start with the R foot when turning 
	    right or clockwise and with the L foot in the reverse 
	    direction.

	(3) If a fast turn is desired, take one waltz step to right 
	    or left to make a complete turn.
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	Step R (L) in fourth or in intermediate in front (ct. 1), 
close L (R) foot to R (L) in first or third position in rear and 
raise heels (ct. 2), lower heels with the weight of the body on 
the R (L) foot. The knees are slightly bent before raising the 
heels. The body gently swayed in the opposite direction of the 
step. This may be executed forward, backward, obliquely forward 
and backward, sideward right and left. 
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	Step R foot in fourth in front (ct. 1), slide R (L) foot 
diagonally forward right (passing trough first position) (ct. 2), 
step L (R) in third in rear of R (L) foot (ct. 3). This may be 
executed in all directions. The execution must be smoothly 
done. 
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	Step L (R) foot in fourth in front (ct. 1), step R (L) 
close to L (R) in first in third position in rear (ct. 2), step 
L (R) in fourth in front (ct. 3).

	This may be executed in all directions. This is done 
like a change step in ¾ time.