The dance steps listed below are the fundamental or basic 
steps most commonly used in Philippine folk dances. In some cases 
the names of the steps are the same as those found in foreign dances, 
but the manner of execution is entirely different. Some dance steps 
have no English equivalent names, so the native names are retained, 
such as "Kuradang", "Bacui", "Espunti", "Papuri", etc.

	The steps are described as they are executed by our people.

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	This step is found mostly in the Visayan dances. To right 
(4 measures).
	("Sarok") Point R foot across the L in front, bend body 
forward and cross hands down in front with the right hand over the 
left hand (cts. 1, 2), step R foot in second position, raise trunk 
up and raise R arm to fifth position amplified, left hand on waist 
(ct. 3). Step the L foot across the R in rear, close the R arm to 
fifth position (cts. 1, 2), step R in second position and open R arm 
to fifth position amplified (ct. 3). Step L foot sideward right across 
the R in front, close R arm to fifth position (cts. 1, 2), step R in 
second position and open R arm to fifth position amplified (ct. 3). 
Step L close R foot in first position, close R arm to fifth position 
(cts. 1, 2, 3). The left hand remains on waist for three measures.

	To left. (4 measures)
	Repeat the same movements, starting with the L foot, going 
sideward left. Reverse the position of the arms.
	Note: This step may be done also this way: After the "sarok" 
and step sideward (cts. 1, 2, 3), the L foot may step across the R 
right in front instead of in rear on counts 1, 2. The rest of the 
movements are the same.
 

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1,2.
	(1) Place the R (or L) heel in fourth in front (ct. 1), step 
	    R (L) close to L (R) foot in first position (ct. 2), or
	(2) Place the R (L) heel in fourth in front (ct. 1), with a 
	    jump, reverse the position of the feet (ct. 2), that is, 
	    placing the L (R) heel in front and the R (L) in position 
	    taking the weight of the body.

	(3) Place the R (L) heel in fourth in front (cts. 1, 2), step 
	    R (L) close to L (R) foot in first position (ct. 3).
 

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1, 2, or 1 and 2
	
	Step R (L) foot forward (fourth in front) (ct. 1), step 
L (R) close to R (L) foot in third in rear or in first position 
(ct. and), step R (L) foot quickly in fourth in front (ct. 2). 
This may be executed in any direction.
 

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1, 2.

	(1) Step R (L) foot in fourth in front (ct. 1), close 
	    L (R) to R (L) foot in third in rear or in first 
	    position (ct. 2). This may be executed in any direction.

	(2) Step R (L) foot in fourth in front (cts, 1, 2), close 
	    L (R) to R (L) foot third in rear or in first position 
	    (ct. 3). This may be executed in any direction.
	(3) Step R (L) foot in fourth in front (ct. 1), close L (R) 
	    to R (L) foot third in rear or in first position (cts. 2, 
            3). This may be executed in any direction.

	Note: When this step is executed sideward, the same foot is 
	      leading always.
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.
	
	Step R (L) foot in second position (ct. 1), step or slide L 
(R) foot sideward right (left) across the R (L) in front (cts. 2, 3). 
Put the weight on the L (R) foot at the end of the slide on the third 
count.
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3. 
	
	Step R (L) foot across the L (R) in front (ct. 1), step the 
L (R) in third position in rear of R (L) foot (ct. 2), step R (L) foot 
in fourth in front (ct. 3). Step on the ball of the rear foot on the 
second count.
 

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1, 2.

	Raise R (L) foot in fourth in front in preparation. Cut the 
L (R) backward with the R (L) foot, thus displacing it at the same 
time taking the weight of the body (ct. 1). This may be done forward 
and backward, diagonally forward and backward, and sideward right and 
left. Take one cut for every count.
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.

	This step is found mostly in the Bicolano dances. It is similar 
	to the sway-balance step.
 
	(1)"ENGAÑO"WITH A CLOSE (2 measures.)
	  To right: Step R foot in second position (cts. 1, 2), step 
	   L across the R foot in front (ct. 3). Step R (L) foot in 
	   second position (ct.1), close L to R foot in first position 
	   (cts. 2, 3). Do not put weight on the L foot when closing on 
	   counts 2, 3. Arms in third position, right arm high.
          To left: Start with the L foot, reverse the arm positions.
 
        (2)"ENGAÑO"WITH A WALTZ
	  To right: Step R foot in second position (cts. 1, 2), step 
	   L across the R (L), foot in front (ct. 3). Step R foot in 
	   second position (ct. 1), step L close to R foot (ct. 2), 
	   step R in place (ct. 3) (waltz step in place). Arms in third 
	   position, right arm high.
	  To Left: Start with the L foot, reverse the arm positions.
   Note: This is another way of holding the arms: raise right (left) 
	 arm high in fifth position amplified and the left (right) bent 
	 in front at shoulder-level.
 

Music: ¾ time. Counts 1, 2, 3.
	
	This step is found mostly in the Visayan dances.
	(1) To Left: Starting position - feet in first position. Turn 
	    the left heel to sideward left without lifting the toes 
	    (pivoting or pushing on the ball of the L foot) and point 
	    R foot sideward right (ct.1), lift the toe of the L foot 
	    and turn it sideward left (pivoting or pushing on the heel 
	    of the L foot) at the same time bringing the R foot to 
	    pointing in fourth in front (cts. 2, 3). Repeat as many
	    times as desired.
	(2) To right: Repeat (1) starting with the other foot moving 
	    to sideward right. Pivot on the R foot and point with the 
	    L foot.

    Note: This may be done either moving right or left.

	This step may be done also in the following manner: The first 
    movement, that is, the pointing of the R foot sideward is done in 
    two counts instead of one (cts. 1, 2), and the pointing in front 
    in one count instead of two described above (ct. 3). 
 

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1, ah, 2, ah.

	Step R (L) foot in fourth in front (ct. 1) and cut the R (L) 
foot with L (R) thus displacing it and at the same time taking the 
weight of the body with the L (R) foot (ct. ah). There are two galops 
to one measure. This is executed with one foot leading and may be done 
in any direction.
 

Music: 2/4 time. Counts 1, 2. 

	(1) Glide or slide R (L) foot in second position (ct. 1), 
	    close L (R) to R (L) foot in first position (ct.2). This 
	    may be done in any direction.

	(2) Glide or slide R (L) foot in fourth in front (cts. 1, 2), 
	    close L (R) to R (L) foot in third position in rear (ct. 3). 
	    This may be done in any direction.